DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF VERY LOW FREQUENCY ANTENNA |
M. Waheed-uz-Zaman* and M.A.K. Yousufzai,
Institute of Space and Planetary Astrophysics, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
Department of Applied Physics, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan |
| ABSTRACT |
| Communication with submerged submarines requires specific techniques and devices which gives totally different
criteria as compared to the air. In the ocean salts water provide a hindrance for electromagnetic radiation such as normal
radio communication because sat water acts as thick conductors. It is the normal practice in submarine is to surface and
raise an antenna above the water surface to use standard technology. In case of nuclear-powered submarines it is very
difficult to come on surface for communication. A thorough research it was analyzed by the scientists that VLF radio
waves (3-30 KHz) can penetrate sea water down to a depth of roughly 20 meters. It’s really a backup of existing, higherfrequency,
radio-based communication systems. Moreover the rate of information and speed of transmission of other
systems, it “gets through” while the others cannot. Previously it was a one-way, non-voice system, but it provides
sufficient information to the submarine’s commander to surface to receive more information via other means but in this
paper a view is given to the readers the both way communication under water with submarines. This is an experimental
effort to enquire the live data and with the passage of time and effort it can be used for both way communications
between two submarines. |
| Keywords: VLF antenna, propagation in sea water, radio waves communication, nuclear submarine. |
